In 2024, population growth slowed due to low fertility and a decline in immigration

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On 1 January 2025, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg had 681,973 inhabitants, 1.5% more than on 1 January 2024. This increase is lower than that observed a year earlier (1.7%) and is one of the lowest in the last decade (where it varied between 2.0% and 2.5%), with the exception of the COVID-19 years (1.4% and 1.7% in 2020 and 2021).

This population increase is mainly due to migration: 25,725 migrants arrived in the country in 2024 and 16,444 left.

During 2024, the natural balance (births minus deaths) was 1,988 people, while the migration balance (arrivals minus departures) was 9,281 people. In 2024, 6,459 babies were born. This is 2.2% more than in 2023. The total fertility rate (the number of births per woman) stands at 1.25 children per woman (the same as in 2023) and has never been lower.

In 2024, 4,471 people died, 0.9% more than in 2023. Life expectancy at birth is 85.3 years for women and 81.2 years for men.

[1] Figures based on the National Register of Natural Persons. It should be noted that there is also a statistical adjustment of -1,346, consisting of a computer clean-up of the National Register of Natural Persons.


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This publication was produced by François Peltier and Charlie Klein. STATEC would like to thank all the collaborators who contributed to the production of this publication

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